共犯与身份竞合时的罪责认定——以“密切关系人”参与受贿为视角

On the Identification of Criminal Liability in Coincidence of Accomplice and Identity: In the Perspective of“Closely Related Person”Participating in Bribery

"密切关系人"参与受贿时共犯罪责的认定,属于共犯与身份的竞合,在具体认定时应坚持违法共犯论、共犯从属性及正犯中心主义的基本立场。在"密切关系人"对国家工作人员受贿加功的场合,"密切关系人"应按受贿罪的共犯定罪处罚;在国家工作人员对"密切关系人"受贿加功的场合,应认定国家工作人员为受贿罪的正犯,"密切关系人"为受贿罪的共犯,在处罚上按各自的责任要素单独判断;在国家工作人员与"密切关系人"共同实施受贿的场合,属于想象竞合犯,应按"从一重罪处罚"的原则具体认定各主体的责任;在国家工作人员对"密切关系人"受贿事后认可的场合,属于对法益侵害结果的认可,将国家工作人员的这种认可行为评价为受贿罪缺乏责任基础。

When closely related person participates in bribery,the liability cognizance of joint crime involves the concurrence of accomplice and identity. When making specific decision of responsibility,we should stand in the position of illegal accomplice theory,theory of subordination of accomplices and principal offender centralism. Specifically,when closely related person helps the state functionary in taking bribes,the closely related person should be considered to be the accomplice of bribery; when the state functionary helps closely related person in taking bribes,the state functionary should be considered to be the principal offender of the bribery,and the closely related person be the accomplice of bribery,their respective elements alone decide their responsibility judgment; when the state functionary and the closely related person jointly participate in taking bribes,the crimes belong to imaginative joiner of offense,we should sentence it on the basis of the most serious crime; when the state functionary makes subsequent ratification of the closely related person＇s taking bribes,the state functionary should be considered to accept the infringement results and lacks the foundation to bear the criminal responsibility of bribery.