石灰碳铵熏蒸与施用生物有机肥对连作黄瓜和西瓜枯萎病及生物量的影响

Effects of lime-ammonium bicarbonate fumigation and biofertilizer application on Fusarium wilt and biomass of continuous cropping cucumber and watermelon

采用稀释涂布平板计数法,研究了石灰碳铵及碳铵熏蒸对黄瓜和西瓜连作土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响,以及熏蒸后施用生物有机肥对黄瓜和西瓜枯萎病的防控效果及植株生长的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,石灰碳铵及碳铵熏蒸后,连作土壤中黄瓜尖孢镰刀菌的数量分别下降95.4%及71.4%,西瓜尖孢镰刀菌的数量分别下降87.2%及64.2%;多因素方差分析表明,熏蒸、施用有机肥及作物种类均对土壤中尖孢菌数量、枯萎病发病率、防控率及生物量有显著影响;与未熏蒸施用普通有机肥对照相比,石灰碳铵熏蒸后施用生物有机肥能显著减少后茬黄瓜或西瓜土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的数量并显著降低枯萎病发病率,防控率高达91.9%及92.5%,同时显著增加了植株的株高、茎粗、SPAD值及干质量.表明石灰碳铵熏蒸及施用生物有机肥能够降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,有效防控黄瓜和西瓜枯萎病的发生并促进其植株生长.

In this study,the population size of soil microbes was determined using plate counting method after the application of lime-ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation.In addition,biofertilizer was applied after soil fumigation and population of Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium wilt disease control efficiency and plant biomass were determined in the cucumber and watermelon continuous cropping soil. The results showed that the population of F. oxysporum in cucumber mono-cropped soil fumigated with lime-ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium bicarbonate was decreased by 95.4% and 71.4%,while that in watermelon mono-cropped soil was decreased by87.3% and 61. 2%,respectively compared with non-fumigated control（ CK）. Furthermore,the greenhouse experiment showed that biofertilizer application,soil fumigation and crop type showed significant effects on the number of soil F. oxysporum,Fusarium wilt disease incidence,disease control efficiency and plant biomass based on multivariate analysis of variance. In the lime-ammonium bicarbonate fumigated soil amended with biofertilizer（ LFB）,significant reductions in the numbers of F. oxysporum and Fusarium wilt disease incidence were observed in both cucumber and watermelon cropped soil compared to non-fumigated control soil applied with organic fertilizer. The disease control rate was 91.9% and 92.5% for cucumber and watermelon,respectively. Moreover,LFB also significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,leaf SPAD,and dry biomass for cucumber and watermelon. It was indicated that biofertilizer application after lime-ammonium bicarbonate fumigation could effectively reduce the abundance of F. oxysporum in soil,control Fusarium wilt disease and improve plant biomass in cucumber and watermelon mono-cropping systems.