新城:造城运动为何引向债务负担

How Has New Town Fever Resulted in Heavy Debt Burden

近十年来,全国各地特别是人口流出地,建设了大量新城。新城规划密度低,且远离主城区。本文从城市土地、人口和产业的关系出发,总结了国内新城的建设模式,指出土地利用和人口流动、产业发展方向相背离的新城建设,是新城发展缓慢、地方政府债务高企的关键因素。有效的城市建设须以劳动力自由流动为基础,做到土地利用配合人口和产业发展的实际需求,同时注重新城之间的有效分工和产业联动。只有这样才能形成以大城市和都市圈为区域经济增长极的高效城市体系。

In the latest years, China, especially its middle and western regions, has constructed large amounts of new towns. Most of these new towns have a low planned density with a far distance from their affiliated cities. Starting from the relationship between land use, population and industries, this paper reviews new town construction pattern in China. We point out that China＇s land use has deviated from the direction of labor migration and industries agglomeration and this deviation has resulted in the stagnancy of new town development and high local government debt ratio. Efficient urban construction should be based on free flow of labor force. By matching land use to the actual needs of population and industrial development, promoting regional specialization and industrial linkage, with big cities and city clusters leading regional economic growth, an efficient urban system can be eventually achieved .