在悬而未决之际:现代国家建构技艺的理论

While Being in Suspense:The Theory of the Art of Modern State Construction

西方政治理论的开创者柏拉图,提出了国家建构的三种方案:最优的哲学王统治、政治家技艺治国、依法治理的国家形态。从前后两个方面扩展性发挥柏拉图政治理论的著作汗牛充栋。唯独对政治家技艺与国家治理关系的进路,关注甚少。从这一进路切入国家何以挺立的问题,可以发现关乎现代立国的众多紧要论题及其求解思路。以立国技艺为主题,将之剖解为建国技艺与治国技艺两个方面,可以凸显现代国家建构进程尚处于活性状态时,政治家能有什么作为的答案:在疏离建国理想状态与落定依法治国目标之间,国家必须依靠政治家技艺走出悬而未决状态,步入规范治理境地。

Plato, the inaugurator of Western political theory, had offered three solutions to the state construction： the optimal rule of a Philosopher-King, the rule of the art of the statesman, and the rule of law. There is an immense number of expanded research works on Plato＇s political theory from the angle of the first and the third solution. Whereas there＇s been little attention paid on the solution indicating the relation between the art of the statesman and state governance, from which, we actually can discover multiple crucial issues and their resolutions on modern state construction. The art which keeps the state standing as the theme, can be divided into two aspects： the art of state construction and the art of state governance. These two types of art provide an answer to the question of what the statesman can accomplish when the process of modern state construction is being activated. That is, between being apart from the ideal circumstance of state construction and settling the goal as the rule of law, the state must walk out of the unsettled circumstances and walk into a condition of normative governance, on the strength of the art of the statesman.