中国南海诸岛主权维护与回归——纪念中国政府收复南海诸岛70周年(1)

Safeguarding and Return of Sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands to China:The 70^(th) Anniversary of Recovery of the South China Sea Islands (1)

中国最早发现、命名、管理和开发利用南海诸岛。民国时期南海诸岛分群并被命名为东沙群岛、西沙群岛、中沙群岛和南沙群岛。1934年统称南海诸岛。在第二次世界大战前南海诸岛先后被日军窃据和法军侵占,第二次世界大战时被日军侵占,中国政府和人民不断抗争。乘世界反法西斯战争胜利之际,1946年12月,中国政府依国际约法派出文武官员收复西沙群岛和南沙群岛;1947年3月收复东沙群岛,整个南海诸岛主权回归,迄今已70年。自20世纪70年代以来,南海周边的南越及越南、菲律宾、马来西亚等国家恣意派兵霸占中国南海诸岛部分岛礁,分割中国海疆,在其霸占的多个岛礁上建筑机场及港口,扩军备,掠夺中国海洋渔业资源与油气资源。还屡次制造磨擦,甚至挑起局部战争。尤其是本世纪以来域外大国美国和日本相继介入,支持南海周边某些国家挑衅中国主权,形势更趋复杂和严重。但中国坚定保卫南海诸岛主权,收复部分岛礁。1974年1月,中国海军在西沙群岛永乐环礁自卫反击战胜利,收复了永乐环礁。1988年3月,中国海军在南沙群岛赤瓜礁自卫反击战完胜,乘胜收复与进驻了赤瓜礁、华阳礁、永暑礁、南薰礁、东门礁、渚碧礁和美济礁等7个礁。2012年,国务院批准组建地级三沙市,从此对南海诸岛(除东沙群岛)的管治、建设和开发,揭开了新的一页。最近建成了永暑礁、渚碧礁和美济礁3大人工岛军民共用海空基地,鼎足而立,同永兴岛和海南岛的基地呼应,威镇南海。同时加强外交活动,粉碎了菲律宾提出的、由非法的海牙南海仲裁案临时仲裁庭炮制的荒谬"裁决",捍卫了中国在南海诸岛的主权;优化了南海国际环境,一改南海诸岛中国维权的劣势。

The South China Sea Islands was first discovered, named, managed and exploited by Chinese people. During the Republic of China, the South China Sea Islands was sorted and named as Dongsha Islands, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and Nansha Islands. It was collectively called the South China Sea Islands in 1934. The South China Sea Islands was seized by Japan and French later on before the Second World War and was occupied by Japan during the Second World War. The Chinese government and people struggled against that. After the world＇ anti-fascist war, the Chinese government sent civil and army officials under international law to retake the sovereignty of Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands in December, 1946 and Dongsha Islands in March, 1947. It has been over 70 years since the transfer of sovereignty of the whole South China Sea Islands. Since the 1970 s, several neighboring countries, including South Vietnam, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia, have illegally occupied parts of the South China Sea Islands, built airports and ports, separating Chinese coastal areas and territorial seas. They plundered fishing and hydrocarbon resources, created factions and even ignited local war. The situation has been more complicated and serious since the United States and Japan intervened into the South China Sea in this century. But China protects the sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands firmly and recovers parts of islands and reefs. In Jan., 1974, Chinese Navy won the battle of Yongle Atoll in Xisha Islands and recovered it. Then in Mar., 1988, Chinese Navy won the battle of Chigua Reef in Nansha Islands and have been garrisoned Chigua Reef, Huayang Reef, Yongshu Reef, Nanxun Reef, Dongmen Reef, Zhubi Reef and Meiji Reef. Sansha City was established in 2012, and the governance, development, and construction of the South China Sea Islands（excluding the Dongsha Islands under the jurisdiction of Taiwan） have begun. Three naval air bases on the artificial islands in Yongshu Reef, Zhubi Reef and Meiji Reef have been built recently, which stand like a tripod acting in cooperation with Yongxing Island and Hainan Island. Diplomatic activities are strengthened and the absurd verdict which was proposed by the Philippines and ruled by illegal arbitral court was smashed. The sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands is defended. The international environment of the South China Sea is improved, which changes the disadvantage in safeguarding of the South China Sea Islands.