大学教师学术职业分化的历史逻辑及意义——基于社会分工理论的分析

The Historical Logic and Significance of University Teachers' Academic Occupation Differentiation: Based on the Analysis of Social Division of Labor Theory

大学教师是从事高深知识的发现、发展、传播的学术性职业,其质量的高低决定着高等教育质量的优劣。随着大学与社会关系的加强,大学教师逐渐走出"象牙塔",呈现出越来越明显的世俗化、职业化特征。中世纪以来,大学经历了"单一职能"到"双重职能"再到"多元职能"的历史变迁,客观上导致了大学教师职业的不断分化。因此,大学教师学术职业分化与社会分工的不断细化有紧密的联系。理清大学教师学术职业分化的历史逻辑,不仅有利于大学教师的专业发展,而且可以帮助人事管理部门对教师进行分类管理,提升管理水平。

University teachers are engaged in advanced knowledge of the discovery, development, dissemination of academic career, its quality determines the quality of higher education quality. With the strengthening of university and social relations, university teachers gradually out of the ＂ivory tower＂, showing more and more obvious secular, professional characteristics. Since the Middle Ages, the university has experienced the historical changes of ＂single function＂ to ＂dual function＂ to ＂pluralistic function＂, which has led to the continuous differentiation of university teachers＇ profession. Therefore, the university teachers academic division and the social division of labor has been closely related to the refinement. The historical logic of academic differentiation of university teachers is not only beneficial to the professional development of university teachers, but also can help personnel management departments to classify and manage teachers and improve management level.