冀鲁豫三省花生主栽品种(品系)多个农艺性状与单株荚果质量的关系

Relation between several agronomic traits and pod mass per plant of main peanut cultivars(lines) in Hebei,Shandong and Henan Provinces

为了方便对现有品种资源进行有效选择利用,以67份冀鲁豫3省花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)主栽品种(品系)为材料,对出仁率、百果质量、百仁质量、盛花期历时、成熟期历时、株高、结果枝数和单株果数分别与单株荚果质量之间的关系进行了研究,并对这些材料进行了聚类分析和比较.结果表明:相关性分析中,出仁率和百仁质量与单株荚果质量呈负相关,且前者达极显著水平,而单株果数、盛花期历时、成熟期历时、结果枝数、百果质量和株高与单株荚果质量呈正相关,且前4个指标均达极显著水平;通径分析表明,正效应指标有5个,其中单株果数的直接效应最大,负效应指标有3个,其中出仁率的直接效应最大;所考察的指标与单株荚果质量建立的回归方程经统计学检验达极显著水平,可用于实践中对单株荚果质量的预测;聚类分析表明,第3类属于高产品种;育种工作者需以遗传力较高,且与产量性状关系密切的农艺性状为重点研究对象,种植户应以当地管理机构发布的试验报告数据来选择品种.

In order to provide references for effectively use the right peanut varieties,67 main peanut cultivars and lines were chosen as materials,which were from Hebei,Shandong and Henan province.The relation between the pod yield per plant（PYP） and 8 characters were analyzed seperately,the 8characters included the kernel percent,100-pod mass,100-kernel mass,the days from seedling to 50%flowering（DSF）,the days from seedling to maturity（DSM）,the main stem height,the No.of fruit branches and the No.of pods.The 67 materials were compared and classified by cluster analysis.The results showed that 2 characters,the kernel percent and 100-kernel mass,were negatively with the PYP,especially the former,which reached a very significant level;the other 6 characters were all positively correlated with the PYP,and their statistically coefficients of correlation reached very significant level but the 100-pod mass and the main stem height.The No.of pods was the most important character in 5 positive characters that improve the PYP,and the kernel percent was the most important character in 3 negative characters which decreas the PYP.The regression equation established by the PYP and the other characters reached a very significant level,it could be used on the forecast of production practice.The third kind of varieties was chosen as high-yield cultivars by cluster analysis.When making breeding objectives,breeders should focus on characters with both high heritability and high correlation with economic characters,and farmers should read the reports of regional trial made by government before choosingthe cultivars.