水资源承载力指标体系及评判准则研究

Study on index system and judgment criterion of water resources carrying capacity

随着社会用水和排泄强度的不断增大,水资源数量和质量成为区域生态环境和社会经济协调发展的主要约束因子,也是影响水资源承载的主要因素。本文从水资源、经济社会、水生态、水环境综合角度,基于"量、质、域、流"四大方面构建水资源承载力"四层三级"评价指标体系,提出水资源承载状况的评价标准、评判方法和水资源承载类型的划分方法,为水资源承载力评估和状态诊断提供方法支撑。本文以天津市为例开展现状水资源承载力评估分析,研究表明:天津市在入境和本地水总水量35.98亿m^3、生态补水2.8亿m^3、出境水量12.95亿m^3、污水一级A出水COD水质标准的情况下,天津市水量承载力区间为1 686万~1 772万人,水质承载力区间为1 169万~1 393万人,水资源承载力区间为1 169万~1 393万人,均值1 281万人;天津市水资源承载状况属于水资源超载区,类型为水质超承载型。

With the increasing of water consumption and drainage intensity, the quantity and quality of wa- ter resources become the main restraining factors of regional environment and socio-economic harmonious de- velopment, and the main factors influencing the water resources carrying capacity. Based on the four as- pects of water resources, economy society, water ecology and water environment, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of ＂four levels and three levels＂ of water resources carrying capacity from four as- pects： ＂quantity, quality, watershed and flow＂, and puts forward the evaluation standard of water resourc- es carrying capacity based on evaluation index and metric, which provides a new method for water resourc- es carrying capacity evaluation and state diagnosis. This paper takes Tianjin as an example to carry out the assessment and analysis of current water resources carrying capacity, studies show that under the situation of the total amount of water entry and the local water is 3.598 billion m3 in Tianjin, the ecological and outbound water is 1.575 billion m3, sewage first level A effluent COD water quality standard, Tianjin water capacity carrying capacity range of 16.86 - 17.72 million people, water quality carrying capacity range of 11.69 - 13.93 million people, water resources carrying capacity range of 11.69 - 13.93 million people, mean of 12.81 million people, Tianjin water resources carrying capacity belongs to water resources overload- ing area, the type is insufficient water quality carrying capacity.