考虑二手产品专利保护的闭环供应链竞争策略

Competition strategies of closed-loop supply chain considering patent protection for second-hand products

针对二手产品的专利保护问题,研究了原制造商与二手商的竞争策略。在消费者市场可能同时存在新产品、再制造产品以及二手产品的异质需求环境下,分别构建了考虑无专利许可和专利许可两种情形的闭环供应链竞争决策模型,并得出了最优竞争策略。通过对比研究和算例仿真,分析了不同参数变化对产品销量及闭环供应链利润的影响。研究表明:当二手商翻新成本增加值较小时,在未经专利许可的竞争情形下,市场总份额可以得到拓展,二手商、零售商以及闭环供应链有更广阔的获利空间,原制造商会面临二手商的利润侵占;在专利许可的竞争情形下,由于受到专利保护的制约,市场总份额会减少,二手商、零售商和闭环供应链的获利空间会被压缩。而只有当二手商翻新成本增加值较大时,二手商才会选择专利许可。

Aiming at the problem of patent protection for second-hand products,the competition strategies of closedloop supply chain were researched.Underthe heterogeneous demand circumstance with new products,remanufactured products and second-hand products,the competition decision modelsof closed-loop supply chain were builtwhich considered patent license or non-license,and the optimal strategies were obtained.The influence of different parameters on product sales and closed-loop supply chain profitswas analyzed by the comparative study and example simulation.Research showed that the total market shares could be always expanded when the renovation added cost value was smaller in the competitive circumstance without the patent protection,the second-handdealer,retailerand closed-loop supply chain had a vast profit space,but the original manufacture faced the second-handdealer＇s profit occupation.In the competitive circumstance with patent license,the market total shares were reduced due to the restriction of patent protection,and the profit spaces of the second-handdealer,retailer and closed-loop supply chain were compressed.Only when the renovation added cost value was bigger,the second-hand dealer would choose patent license.