娱神与娱民——天津城隍出巡面具的图像及象征分析

Entertaining Gods and People: The Design and Symbol Analysis of Cheng Huang Patrol Mask in Tianjin

"城隍出巡面具"是参加"城隍出巡"表演的人所戴的面具,是受到本土民俗、宗教以及外来文化等因素作用下促成的仪式美术品。与广布全国的其它类型的面具相比,天津"城隍出巡面具"无论是艺术风格还是角色寓意都具有鲜明的地域独特性。文章从"现实中的面具"和"信仰中的面具"两个方面出发,分析面具的外部形象所体现的美术风格,探究面具造型的图像学意义,发掘面具产生的社会学背景及影响,最后再以情境还原的方式重构面具在民俗活动中所扮演的角色。

The masks, displayed in the exhibition at the Tianjin Museum, were used in the activities of the Cheng Huang patrol during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. It is indicated that the Tianjin Cheng Huang patrol mask is a result of various factors, including the inheritance of local folklore and the influence of external factors. Compared with other types of masks across China, the Tianjin Cheng Huang patrol mask have distinct regional peculiarities in terms of artistic style and role implication. These masks can be learned from two aspects： the mask in reality and the mask in faith. This study analyzes the artistic style embodied in the external image of the mask, explores the image significance of the appearances of the mask, explores theirs sociological background and influence. We also reconstruct the role of masks in folklore in the form of contextual restoration.