19世纪下半叶至20世纪初俄国极东北地区经济状况与科学考察

Economic Status and Scientific Exploration in the Far Northeast Russia between the Latter Half of the 19th Century and the Early 20th Century

俄国极东北地区地处遥远边疆,经济开发较晚,至20世纪初经济发展仍然落后。原始渔猎和养鹿业是该地区土著居民主要经济生活方式,几乎没有工业。19世纪下半叶起,外国企业家、商人的滥捕盗猎行为和经济渗透破坏了该地区原有经济平衡,且愈演愈烈。沙皇政府试图改变极东北地区困境,着手开发其经济,改善其交通运输环境,但收效甚微。20世纪初,极东北地区吸引了各领域研究者们的关注。俄国和国外极地研究者们在极东北陆地和周边海域开展自然生物、地质地理、水文测绘和矿产资源勘探等调查研究工作,形成对极东北地区初步的、较为全面的科学认识。

Economic development in the far Northeast Russia still lagged behind until 20th century, where the aboriginal inhabit- ants lived on fishing and deer farming. In the latter half of 19th century foreign entrepreneurs and merchants＇overfishing and poac- hing and economic infiltration undermined the original economic balance. The Czarist government tried to change northeastern di- lemma, strove to develop economy in the far Northeast Russia, and improved the traffic environment, which brought little effect. In the early 20th century, the far Northeast Russia received concerns from researchers of many different fields. Polar researchers from Russia and foreign countries studied the natural biology, geography, hydrogeological survey and exploration of mineral re- sources in the land and surrounding waters of the far Northeast Russia to get preliminary and more comprehensive scientific under- standing.