农村土地制度改革的进展、问题和启示——基于33个试点的资料

The Progress, Problems and Enlightenment of Rural Land System Reform Based on the Datas of 33 pilot

2015年开始的三项土地制度改革已进入收官之年,亟待全面正确的总结。依据公开的资料,本文对33个土地制度改革试点的进展进行梳理,批判性地分析若干值得深入讨论的焦点问题。分析发现土地制度改革牵涉利益面广,试点内容十分复杂,试点效果具有高度的不确定性。主流舆论提出的缩小征地范围、严格区分公益性和经营性用地、扩大集体土地入市范围、宅基地财产化等修法建议不能得到试点支持。当前土地制度总体上具有合理性,应建立对中国特色土地制度的制度自信,深入理解现行土地制度的优势,慎重稳妥地推进改革。

The three reform of land system that began in 2015 has entered the ending year and needs to be summed up in a comprehensive and correct manner. Based on the published data, this paper combs the progress of the 33 pilot systems of land reform and critically analyzes some key issues. The analysis shows that the land system reform involves a wide range of interests, and the contents of the pilot is very complex, and the effect is a high degree of uncertainty. The mainstream public opinions of narrowing the scope of land requisition, strictly distinguishing between public land and operating land, expanding the scope of collective land into the market, such as property law of homestead and other amendments can not get support. The current land system is reasonable, and we should establish a system of self-confidence of the land system with Chinese characteristics, and in- depth understand the advantages of the current land system, and prudently and steadily promote the reform.