城镇化进程中的宅基地低效利用及其解决——村庄更新的思路

Inefficient Utilizing of the Residential Land in the Process of Urbanization and Its Solution——Ideas of Village Update

农村"人减地增"现象反映宅基地低效利用问题,建立宅基地退出机制、提高宅基地资源配置效率,成为缓解城镇扩展占地压力的重要手段。针对农村宅基地退出在政策上所遭遇的土地使用权与农房私产属性不匹配矛盾,主流观点是推动宅基地财产化并放开宅基地市场。鼓励农民卖房卖地进城的改革思路,不仅造成我国城镇化巨大风险,而且在技术上也不能解决宅基地低效利用问题。在农村宅基地公有私用制度框架下,宅基地低效利用问题可通过加强管理农民建房行为的办法解决。具体操作是抓住正兴起农村第三波建房潮,顺应农民居住需求变化,合理编制村庄规划并严格执行,积极实施村庄更新战略,引导农民自发有序退出闲置废弃宅基地。

In rural areas, the phenomenon of ＂land increasing with people reducing＂ shows the inefficient use of residential land while establishing the exit mechanism of the land and improving the efficiency of the allocation of the resources have become important ways to alleviate the pressure of land occupied by the urban expansion. In view of the contradiction between the land using rights and the nature of farmhouse as private property which the policies of rural residential land exit have encountered,the mainstream point is to improve the process to take residential land as property and open the market of residential land. However, the idea of encouraging farmers to sell their land and house to enter the city not only cause great risks of urbanization in China, but also do not help to solve the problem of inefficient use in technology. Under the system framework of the private use and the public ownership of rural residential land, the problem can be solved by strengthening the management of farmer housing behavior with the specific operations such as the following： to seize the third rising wave of rural housing tide;to be in line with the changes of living needs of farmers; to make rational planning of villages and take strict implementation;to implement the village update strategy actively;to guide farmers to quit the wasted and deserted residential land spontaneously and in orderly.