高温固体氧化物电解水制氢储能技术及应用展望

Technology and Application Prospect of High-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell

可再生富余电力的规模消纳是我国能源系统的重大难题,储能系统是缓解弃电问题的一种有效技术手段,然而典型常规储能方式在应对超大容量、长周期储能需求方面存在不足。电解水制氢储能为有效解决储能容量问题带来了曙光。针对目前广泛在研及推广的低温电解水技术效率较低的问题,文章介绍了高温固体氧化物电解电池(solid oxide electrolysis cell,SOEC)电解水制氢技术的基本原理,从物理概念的角度解释了其相对于低温电解技术效率大幅提升的电化学机理。基于所搭建的千瓦级实验测试平台,验证了其较高的电解效率。从材料、建模、优化控制等3方面讨论了高温SOEC制氢储能技术所需解决的关键问题。最后,从分布式能源、化工等领域展望了高温SOEC制氢储能技术的应用前景。

Accommodation of huge amount of renewable power to be curtailed is a major problem for energy systems in China. Energy storage system is considered an efficient way to alleviate the problem. But conventional energy storage system is insufficient in dealing with long period energy storage demand of super large capacity. Electrolysis of water into hydrogen can meet the demand of large-scale storage capacity effectively, greatly broadening application field of abandoned renewable energy power. As efficiency of low-temperature electrolysis widely in research and promotion is relative low, the paper presents high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell（SOEC） for water electrolysis. Fundamental principles of SOEC are presented and its electrochemical mechanism leading to high efficiency of SOEC is elaborated from perspective of physical concepts. Based on a k W–scale experimental test platform, high efficiency of SOEC is verified. Key SOEC issues such as material, modeling and optimization control are discussed. Finally, SOEC prospect is analyzed from aspects of distributed energy and chemical applications.