明诗制题之叙事

Narration of Poem Titles in Ming Poetry

明诗制题既有对早前诗题的传承,又有诸多新的拓展,叙事功能增强是一重要表征。与早前诗题相比,明诗题篇幅明显增长,叙事所涉事类更趋繁多;诗题叙述方式多样灵活;其叙事或节度谨严,有纡曲委备之美,或从容舒缓,有潇散自然之质。明诗题叙事有以下功能:叙述事件背景,交代创作缘起;以叙事触发情兴,点明创作意旨;以叙事融涉议论,强化题旨意蕴。诗题鲜明的叙事特征及完善的叙事功能,表明其已成为相对独立的表意单元。诗题叙事及其触发的情感、引起的议论,为正文诗意表达起了良好的注解、铺垫、烘托、暗示等作用;而正文对事、情、理进行简练灵动的艺术呈现,又深化升华了题旨。诗题与正文形成互文关系,产生互文性效应,使诗作艺术表现臻至佳境。

Poem titles in the Ming dynasty both inherited those of early years and made some new developments, with narrative power. Compared with early poem titles, poem titles in the Ming dynasty were distinctively longer, involving more categories of narration. Poem titles narrated in many ways to achieve the goals of the poets. Poem titles in the Ming dynasty tend to provide the background of the poem writing, to point out the writing purpose, to discuss what was going to tackle, and to intensify the theme and implication. Narrative features of poem title lay specially in expressing feelings and opinions and in helping to annotate, explain, illustrate and reinforce the theme of the poem. Poem title and the poem itself help each other to achieve the perfect artistic expressions.