知信行理论模式对预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响

Effect of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia

目的探讨知信行理论模式对预防呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的影响。方法 196例机械通气患者,随机分为观察组(n=100)和对照组(n=96)。对照组采用常规口腔护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施知信行理论模式。比较两组口腔卫生状况、口腔溃疡、口腔霉菌发生情况、VAP及护士对口腔护理预防VAP的认知、行为和态度的变化。结果观察组口腔卫生优良率高于对照组(96.0%vs 72.9%,P<0.01);口腔霉菌、口腔溃疡及VAP发生率均明显低于对照组(均P<0.01);护士对口腔护理预防VAP的认知、行为及态度的评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论将知信行理论模式应用于护士对内科ICU患者进行口腔护理有助于预防VAP,值得临床推广。

Objective To explore the effect of Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model on the prevention of ventilator- associated pneumonia （VAP）. Methods 196 patients with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into Observation Group （n=100） and Control Group （n=96）. Control Group was treated with conventional oral care while Observation Group was implemented with Knowledge-Attitude-Practice model on the basis of the treatment for Control Group. The situation of oral hygiene, oral ulcers, the incidence of oral fungus, VAP and the changes in the VAP awareness, behavior and attitudes of nurses between the two groups were compared. Results The excellent rate of oral hygiene in Observation Group was significantly higher than that in Control Group （96.0% vs 72.9%, P〈0.01）; The incidence of oral fungus, oral ulcer and VAP was significantly lower than that of Control Group （P〈0.01）; The scores of the awareness, behaviors and attitude of oral care in VAP prevention were higher than those in Control Group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion The application of Knowledge-Attitude- Practice model in the oral nursing in patients in the department of internal medicine helps to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, which is worth clinical promotion.