中国制造业在全球价值链分工中的地位研究

Research on the GVC Position of China's Manufacturing Industry

基于WTO和OECD联合发布的附加值贸易数据,测算分析1995—2011年期间中国制造业整体及各部门的全球价值链地位和全球价值链参与度指数。结果显示:1995—2005年,中国制造业整体在全球价值链中的地位呈现先下降后上升的V型变化,而2005—2011年呈现出倒L型的发展形态;与此同时,中国制造业GVC参与程度呈现逐步提高的趋势,但仍处于全球价值链的中下游地位。中国制造产业内技术水平不同的各部门在不同的全球价值链驱动模式下呈现一种"错配"状态,即技术水平越高的制造业部门具有较高的全球参与度,但在全球价值链的分工地位很低;技术水平越低的制造业部门则呈现出较高的全球价值链分工地位和相对低的参与度。

Based on the ＂Trade in Value Added Database＂ published by WTO and OECD, this paper calculates the indices of GVC position and GVC participation of manufacturing industry and its sub-sectors during the period from 1995 to 2011.The result shows that the position of China＇s manufacturing industry has followed a ＂V-shaped＂ development route from 1995to 2005,while during the period from 2005 to 2011, it has followed an ＂inverted L-shaped＂ development route.ln the meantime, GVC participation index of manufacturing industry is gradually increasing, but the whole manufacturing industry is still at medium and low position in the GVC.Its inner sectors which own different technology level and belong to various dynamics model of Global Value Chain are in the ＂Mismatch State＂ that the higher technology level, the lower GVC position and higher GVC participation the sector will have; the sector with lower technology level is just the opposite.