江西烤烟生育期主要气象灾害及防御措施分析

Analysis of Main Meteorological Disasters and Prevention Measures during the Growth Period of Flue Cured Tobacco in Jiangxi

烤烟大田期的光照、温度、降雨量等是影响优质烟叶产量和品质的重要气候生态学因素。烤烟作为主要经济作物之一,在赣南老烟区及赣北、赣中新烟区均有大量种植,然而,其在生长发育过程中常有不同程度的气象灾害发生,已成为烤烟生产的重要限制因素。概述了烤烟不同生育期的气象灾害,即育苗期低温冻害及膜内高温高湿、移栽期低温阴雨、旺长期多雨寡照及高温高湿、脚叶成熟期高温高湿及顶叶成熟期高温强光;从蛋白质组学及代谢组学的角度探讨了气象灾害对烟草蛋白质和烟草代谢物合成与积累的影响,并提出了避免和防御灾害的措施。

Light, temperature and rainfall during the field period of flue cured tobacco are important climatic factors which can influence the yield and quality of tobacco. As an main commercial crop, tobacco is widely cultivated in old south Jangxi tobacco-growing area and north/centre Jiangxi new tobacco-growing area. However, varying degrees of meteorological disaster happened during the process of growth and development of flue cured tobacco is an important limiting factor of tobacco manufacture. This study summarized meteorological disaster of flue cured tobacco in different growth period, temperature freezing and intramembrane high temperature and humidity in nursery stage, low-temperature rain in transplanting stage, sublime climate and high temperature and humidity in vigorous growing stage, high temperature and humidity in sand leaf mature period, high temperature and light in top leaf mature period. From the perspective of proteomics and metabonomics, this study discussed the influence of meteorological disaster on tobacco protein and the synthesis and accumulation of tobacco metabolin, and put forward some measures to avoid and defend the disasters.