土壤施肥配比理论解析与百年经典施肥理论的思考

Analysis of Proportion Theory of Soil Fertilization and Reflection on Classical Fertilization Theory in One Hundred Years

对在《土壤施肥配比理论和方法的研究》一书中提出的土壤作物系统量比线性极点一次性施肥理论的平衡与不平衡施肥、最佳施肥比例等概念、定义进行了解释,同时结合生产实际解析了施肥比例和施肥量的施肥学意义、作用以及作物产量随施肥量增加变化的函数关系,从而得出结论:土壤作物系统量比线性极点一次性施肥理论是对施肥上重大问题的高度概括和总结,它提出的施肥原则中多数内容是经典施肥理论几乎没有涉及到的重要问题,能够用于指导科学研究和生产实践。而百年经典施肥理论不是在科学实验基础上得出的推论,它是养分归还学说的一个具体内容,并非高产施肥理论。最小因子理论不符合内因是发展变化的依据、外因是变化的条件以及内因通过外因而起作用的哲学思想,也不能应用于指导生产施肥实践。

This thesis explains the concepts and definitions in the theory of one-off fertilization based on pole of the linear system of application rate and ratio in soil-crop system as proposed in ＂Research of Soil Fertilization Proportion Theories and Methods＂, including balanced and imbalanced fertilization, optimum fertilization proportion etc.. Linking theory with practice, this thesis also analyzes the significance and effect of application ratio and rate in fertilization as well as the functional relationship between crop yield and rise in fertilization amount. Consequently, we conclude that the theory of one-off fertilization based on pole of the linear system of application rate and ratio in soil-crop system is a summation of major issues in fertilization. The majority of its fertilization principles is about major issues that are hardly dealt with in classical fertilization theory, which can serve as guidance in research and practice. The classical fertilization theory is a presumption without conducting experiments. It is an embodiment of the theory of nutrient return instead of a high-yield fertilization theory. According to philosophical theory, the internal cause is the basis of development and change, while the external cause is the condition of change, the internal cause works via the external cause. The law of the minimum does not conform with such philosophy and cannot guide the practice of production or fertilization.