疑问代词参与全称否定构式的韩汉对比研究——以“???-”和“谁也~”为中心

A Comparative Research of the Construction of Universal Negation with Interrogative Pronouns between the Korean and Chinese Languages: With “ ???”and “ 谁也 ” as the Focus

语料库调查表明,韩汉疑问代词参与全称否定构式存在着"一对二"的形义错配关系。韩语"???-"构式不仅可以表达与汉语"谁也~"构式相当的"否定主体相关所有动作/事件"的功能,还扩展出在汉语中由"没(有)人"构式担当的"否定主体存在"功能。这证明了韩语"???"比汉语"谁也"具有更强的扩张能力和更高的库藏显赫度。韩汉语际差异的原因,从有定性与无定性、否定焦点的句法实现等角度可以得到说明。

A corpus-based survey indicates that the construction of universal negation with interrogative pronouns in both Korean and Chinese has a mismatched form-meaning relationship of ＂one to two＂. The ＂ ？？？ ＂ construction in Korean can not only express the meaning of negating the action or event made by the subject, corresponding to the function of the ＂ 谁 也 ＂ construction in Chinese, but also have the function of negating the existence of the subject, corresponding to the function of the ＂ 没（有）人 ＂ construction in Chinese. The above analyses, demonstrated in this paper, have proved that ＂ ？？？ ＂ of Korean has higher-degree meaning-extending ability and higher-level linguistic inventory mightiness than ＂ 谁也 ＂ of Chinese. Furthermore, based on the above analyses, we are able to explain the differences between the languages of Korean and Chinese from many perspectives such as definiteness and indefiniteness, and the syntactic realization of negative focus, etc.