“民族”和“语言”双重束缚下“在日”文学的现状与走向

A Study on the Current Situation and Developmental Trend of “Zainichi” Literature Under the Restraints of “Nationality” and “Language”

"在日"文学是指日本殖民朝鲜半岛时期(1910~1945)来到日本或被强行带到日本的朝鲜人主要用"日语"创作的文学总称。这些文学围绕着1945年8月5日朝鲜"解放"后仍残留于日本的朝鲜人不回国的理由、战后朝鲜半岛的南北分裂状况以及日本社会存在着的"民族(朝鲜人)差别"等问题,追问自我民族身份而创作的小说、诗歌和短歌等。以最初获得芥川奖的李恢成为首,"在日"作家历经第一世代(朝鲜半岛出生)、第二世代(日本出生)、第三·第四世代(父母及作家本人均日本出生)四个文学世代的历史,在日本战后文学史中占有一席之地。然而,在战后70多年的当今,"在日"文学如何坚守自我的民族身份,在日本现代文学中占据怎样的位置,又将走向何方等,伴随着第一世代文学者的相继故去,第三、第四世代文学者肩负着重要的课题。

＂Zainichi（Korean residents in Japan）＂ literature refers to the literary works created in Japanese by the Korean writers who came to Japan on their own free will or by force during the period of Japanese rule over the Korean Peninsula（1910-1945）. These literary works have mainly discussed the issues of the reasons why those Koreans refused to return and continued living in Japan after the ＂liberation＂ of the peninsula in August 5th, 1945, the situation of separation of the Korean Peninsula, and the discrimination towards ＂Zainichi＂ existing in Japanese society, etc., and these writers had created large numbers of novels, poets, and tanka during the process of their pursuit of Korean ethnic identity. Led by Li Kaisei, who won ＂Akutagawa Prize＂ in 1972, the group of ＂Zainichi＂ writers contains the first-generation ones born in the Korean Peninsula, the second-generation born in Japan, and the third and fourth-generation ones who, as well as their parents, were born in Japan. Till now, ＂Zainichi＂ writers have already experienced the more than 100-year history of four literary generations, who have played a significant role in the history of post-war Japanese literature. However, in the present day, more than 70 years after Japan＇s defeat in WWII, how would all ＂Zainichi＂ writers and their works keep their so-called ＂nationality identity＂？ How to maintain its due role as an important literary branch in modern Japanese literature？ What the developmental trend of ＂Zainichi＂ literature would be like in the future？ These are the key issues for ＂Zainichi＂ writers of the third and fourth generation to consider and undertake, since the first generation writers have gradually passed away in succession.