我国旅游服务贸易竞争力评价指标研究综述

A Literary Review of the Evaluation Indexes of China's Tourism Service Trade Competitiveness

服务贸易的竞争力已经成为衡量一国竞争力的重要标准。旅游服务贸易作为服务贸易的重要部分,其竞争力衡量与评价指标也是衡量一国国际竞争力的重要标准之一,因此对于旅游服务贸易竞争力的研究就有了重要的现实意义。现有的指标体系中,服务贸易竞争力的评价指标很多,选取合适的指标对我国旅游服务贸易的竞争力进行评价分析,是研究的关键所在。通过文献综述的方法,对旅游服务贸易竞争力测度指标进行了分类总结,最后进行了简单的评述,得出如下结论:(1)服务贸易竞争力的指标有在世界市场的出口额排序、国际市场占有率、进出口行业的结构、比较优势指数、显示性比较优势指数、显示性竞争优势指数等,运用较多的指标是比较优势指数和显示性比较优势指数;(2)旅游服务贸易竞争力测度中,单一指标中较多应用TC;联用指标评价大多选择的是MS、TC以及RCA综合评价;(3)对于旅游服务贸易竞争力评价体系,大部分学者从3个角度出发,从资源、需求以及环境3个角度构建指标体系;(4)对于影响因素的测度,大部分学者运用的分析指标常依据钻石模型进行分析,从生产要素、需求条件、相关与支持产业的表现以及企业战略结构和竞争4方面进行分析评价。

Services trade competitiveness has been the crucial standards for the national competitiveness measurement. As one essential part of the trade services, tourism service trade measurement is also important for the standards of measuring the national competitiveness, so the research of tourism service trade is meaningful in real. In terms of measurement standards, related to services trade, choosing the proper measurement standards is the crux for research to measure our national tourism services trade. With the approach of reviewing research literature, the conclusion was drawn as follows, firstly, for services trade, the ranking, the structure of export and import, and MS, TC, RCA, and CAI are usually used. TC and RCA are used more often. Secondly, for tourism services trade measurement, single index used mostly is TC; and for mixed index, MS, TC and RCA combination is the most scholars＇ choice. Thirdly, for tourism services trade measurement system, for system modeling, most scholars choose three aspects, resources, demand and environment. Fourthly, for the tourism services trade impact foundation measurement, most scholars always analyze based on the diamond model from four aspects： production factors, demand conditions, association with the support industry performance, and enterprise strategic structure and competition.