环境行政执法与刑事司法相衔接的程序失灵研究

On the Failure of the Procedure of Environmental Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice

环境行政执法与刑事司法作为生态环境保护的两种重要手段,其协同运作是我国环境保护和生态文明建设的根本法治保障,而破解两者之间相衔接的程序失灵问题则是目前亟待解决的重要抓手。在环保领域"两法衔接"中,存在着严重的隐蔽性程序失灵现象:程序性规则因成本问题被选择性规避;环保机构遵循衔接程序存在扩大责任风险的悖论;行政权对司法权的消融与僭越;"衔接程序"遭遇无力的激励与约束等因素。程序失灵的矫治应从明确移送职责、移送标准、提前介入程序等方面规范涉嫌环境犯罪案件的移送程序;采取直接调取转化、重新收集转化、授权委托转化等不同标准规范行政证据与刑事证据的收集与转化程序;从加快案件信息共享平台建设、完善"两法衔接"的程序激励机制、发挥检察监督的程序保障机制,从而促进环境司法的健康有序发展。

Environmental administrative law enforcement and criminal justice as the two important means of ecological and environmental protection can cooperate with each other to enforce environmental protection and ecological civilization construction of the fundamental legal protection. Solving the procedural failure problem between the two is the important starting point. In the field of environmental protection of laws convergence,there is a serious phenomenon of covert program failure： procedural rules are selective to avoid because of the cost. There exists the paradox of expanding the risk of responsibility among those environmental protection agencies that follow the convergence process. Ablation and transgression of administrative power and judicial power exists in the environmental justice. ＂Convergence procedure＂suffered weak incentives and constraints. Procedures for the treatment of failure should be clear about the transfer of duties,transfer standards,early intervention procedures and other aspects of the transfer procedures for alleged environmental crime cases. The case from speeding up the information sharing platform construction and the improvement of the ＂incentive mechanism＂of the laws convergence plays the security mechanism of procuratorial supervision and other aspects to improve the security mechanism so as to promote the healthy and orderly development of environmental justice.