韩国残疾人社会服务标准体系研究

Service Standard for Persons with Disabilities in South Korea

本文对韩国残疾人社会服务标准体系进行研究,首先介绍了韩国残疾人口概况以及残疾人普惠性和特惠性社会保障政策,继而从宏观和微观两个层面入手研究韩国残疾人社会服务标准体系。宏观层面包括服务现状、发展过程及运行机制;微观层面包括对残疾人传统居住机构、残疾人福利院、残疾人活动支持领域的评估标准。残疾人服务始于隔离保护模式,经过社区支持模式,现发展为以残疾人为中心模式,目前三种服务模式依然并存。这种变化反映出政府和社会对残疾人认识和观念的变化,使韩国残疾人社会服务标准在宏观服务制度和微观服务指标上都表现出新旧变化的紧张局面,呈现为"变化与紧张的服务标准"。

This paper focuses on the research of Korean disabled social service standard system, firstly, it introduces the general situation of persons with disabilities in Korea and the policy of inclusive and preferential social security for them, and then to study Korean disabled social service standard system from the macro and micro level. The macro level includes service status, development process and operation mechanism. The micro level includes evaluation standards for disabled traditional residential institutions, disabled welfare homes and disabled activities support areas. The service for persons with disabilities begins with the mode of isolation and protection. Through community support, it develops into the mode of persons with disabilities as the center, but the three modes of service still coexist. This change reflects on the understanding and the change of the idea of government and society, so that South Korea disabled social service standards in the macro service system and micro service indicators show the tension changing, is a ＂standard of service changes and tension＂.