德国残障儿童和青少年融合教育标准——以视力障碍学生为例

Standards of Equal High Quality Education for Children and Adolescents with Disabilities in Germany: Take Pupils with Blindness as an Example

2009年,联邦德国签署了联合国《残疾人权利公约》(CRPD)并正式生效,融合教育思想逐渐对德国的教育政策起到决定性的影响。在这个过程中,如何建立为每一个学生包括残疾学生提供高质量教育服务的教育体系是巨大的挑战,因此教育标准的重要性日益凸显。本文重点介绍德国现有的普通教育标准和特殊教育标准以及在此过程中的挑战。

In 2009, Germany has ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities（CRPD）. Currently, the education policy is determined by realizing an inclusive education system at all levels. In this process of change, the German debate concentrates on the question how to realize an education system that provides high quality education for every learner. Following up this big challenge, the relevance of education standards is increasing. The new focus on realizing inclusive education endangers the high quality education for pupils with disabilities. For example, it is difficult to realize orientation and mobility training for pupils with blindness in the mainstream schools. However, these special offers are important for pupils with blindness regarding future participation in work life. In this report, the existing standards for realizing high quality education and the necessity of enlarged education standards are presented. In addition, the actual problems of transferring the standards into the inclusive system are discussed.