2015年四川小凉山常住居民生命质量现状及影响因素分析

Current status of quality of life and its influencing factors among permanent residents in Xiaoliang Mountain,Sichuan,2015

目的了解四川小凉山地区彝族与汉族居民的生命质量现状及影响因素,为提高小凉山地区居民的生命质量提供参考依据。方法 2015年7月采用世界卫生组织生命质量简表和社会支持评定量表分别对四川省乐山市峨边彝族自治县346名常住居民生命质量及社会支持进行评价,探讨生命质量的影响因素。结果小凉山地区居民生命质量的生理、心理、社会关系及环境领域得分依次为(14.5±2.4)、(13.9±2.1)、(14.7±2.2)、(12.7±2.2),其中社会关系与环境领域得分高于全国常模,生理领域得分低于全国常模(均P<0.05)。生命质量各领域得分男性高于女性(P<0.05);在生理领域,年龄≥58岁者组得分低于其他年龄组(P<0.05),彝族低于汉族(P<0.05),未婚低于已婚(P<0.05);在社会关系领域,年龄在28~<43岁者得分高于其他年龄组(P<0.05);社会支持总得分与生命质量各领域呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论 2015年四川小凉山地区居民生理领域得分低于全国常模,影响该地区居民生命质量的因素有性别、年龄、婚姻状况、民族及社会支持,应加强对少数民族居民的社会支持,以提高其生命质量。

Objective To investigate the current situation of quality of life （QOL） among the permanent residents in Xiaoliang Mountain, Sichuan so as to provide references for improving the quality of life of the local residents. Methods The Short Ver- sion of the World Health Organization Quality of Life （WHOQOL-BREF} Questionnaire and the Social Support Rating Scale were used to evaluate the QOL and social support in 346 permanent residents in Ebian Yi Nationality Autonomous County, Leshan City, Sichuan Province in July in 2015, and the factors influencing the QOL were explored. Results The scores of physical, psycho- logical, social relationship and environmental domains of QOL in the residents in Xiaoliang Mountain were （ 14.5 ± 2.4 ） , （13.9± 2. 1 ）, （14.7±2.2） and（12.7±2.2） respectively, of which the scores of social relationship and environmental domains were higher than those of the national norm, but the score of physical domain was lower than that of the national norm （ all P〈0.05 ）. The score of each domain of QOL was higher in the males than in the females （ P〈0.05 ）. The score of physical domain was lower in the age group of ≥ 58 years than in the age group of 〈58 years, in the Yi ethnic group than in Han ethnic group, and in the single than in the married （ all P〈0.05 ）. The score of social relationship domain was higher in the age group of 28-〈43 years than in the other age groups （ P〈0.05 ）. The total score of social support was positively correlated with each domain of QOL （ all P〈0.05 ）. Con- clusions The score of psychological domain of the residents in Xiaoliang Mountain, Sichuan in 2015 is lower than that of the na- tional norm. The factors affecting the QOL of the local residents are gender, age, marital status, nationality and social support. It is necessary to strengthen the social support for minority residents so as to improve their QOL.