2015年厦门市售水产动物及藻类食品中重金属污染状况评价

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic animals and algae food sold in the markets in Xiamen City,2015

目的了解和评价厦门市售水产动物及藻类食品中重金属污染现状。方法采用随机抽样的方法,在厦门市六个区采集鱼类、甲壳类、软体类及藻类等样品,共计161份,对厦门市售水产动物及藻类食品中铅、镉、总汞、铬含量进行检测,并引入单因子污染指数和重金属污染指数(XMPI)法对测定结果进行评价分析。结果厦门市售水产动物及藻类食品中,四种重金属均有检出,仅铅检出超标样品,总超标率为4.97%,超标样品为藻类,藻类样品的铅超标率高达17.39%,其余样品无超标现象。水产动物中鱼类的铅清洁度最高,甲壳类和软体类存在不同程度的轻度和中度污染。藻类产品铅清洁度最低仅为2.86%,其中22.86%样品处于重度污染。三类水产动物食品中软体类中3.13%的样品处于总汞和铬的轻度污染水平,镉的轻度和中度污染率分别为12.50%和15.64%。鱼类、甲壳类样品中的总汞处于清洁水平,铬处于轻度污染水平,镉则存在轻度和中度污染。藻类食品综合污染指数水平最高达0.435,而甲壳类水产动物综合污染指数最低0.0282。结论 2015年厦门市售水产动物存在一定的铅、镉、铬污染,藻类食品铅污染水平较严重,需进一步加强监管。

Objective To investigate and assess the contamination status of heavy metals in aquatic animals and algae food sold in the markets in Xiamen City. Methods A random sampling method was used to collect 161 samples, including fish, erustaee- a, mollusk and algae food from 6 districts in Xiamen City. The contents of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, total mercury and chromium were determined. Single factor contamination exponent and metal pollution index （ XMPI ） were applied to evaluate the contamination status. Results Lead, cadmium, mercury and chromium were all detected in the aquatic animals and algae food sold in the markets in Xiamen City. Only lead was detected to exceed the national standard in some samples, with the total excee- ding standard rate being 4.97%. Lead in 17.39% of the algae food samples exceeded the residue limit, and in the other samples did not exceed the standard. Of the 3 kinds of aquatic animals, fish had the highest clean level of lead, while crustacea and mollusk were slightly and moderately polluted to different degrees. Only 2.86% of the algae food samples were clean for lead, and 22.86% of the algae food samples were in heavy lead pollution. Among the 3 kinds of aquatic animals, 3.13% of mollusk samples were slightly polluted by mercury and chromium, and 12.50% , 15.64% of mollusk samples were respectively slightly and moderately polluted by cadmium. Total mercury in the fish and crustacea samples was found in the clean level, but chromium was in slight pol- lution and cadmium in slight and moderate pollution. The XMPI of the algae food samples was the highest （ 0.435 ） , while that of the crustacea was the lowest （0.0282）. Conclusions There still remains a certain level of lead, cadmium and chromium pollution in aquatic animal food in the markets in Xiamen City, 2015. Lead contamination in algae food is relatively severe. Supervision and management should be further strengthened.