执言出师,中行无咎——《周易》师卦经传浅解

Fighting Back with Justifiable Reason,Middle Way Leading to No Blame:An Interpretation of Hexagram Shi [■,The Army,7]

《周易》中的师卦是集中论述战争的一个卦,反映了我国商周时期的战争状态和军事思想。几乎涉及战争的各个方面,比较完整的展现了一场战争的宏大画面,涉及战争的背景,战争的动员,军纪的整顿,将帅的选用,战场直接交锋的惨烈,排兵布阵的兵法,战争结束后的赏罚以及分封诸侯国等诸多领域。其中在外敌来犯(田有禽)的情况下,先执言以对,后出师讨伐的应对方略,体现了"执言出师,中行无咎"的政军一体的军事思想,对后世产生了深远影响。

Shi [ , The Army, 7] in the Zhou Changes is a hexagram focusing on a discussion of war, reflecting the status of war and military thought in the transitional period from the Shang （c. 1600-1046 BCE） to the Zhou （1046-256 BCE） dy- nasties. It involves almost every aspect of armed conflict, wholly representing a grand scene of war, related to the background, mobilization, military djscipline, selection of generals, horror of the battleground, art of battle, post-war rewards and punishments, enfeoffment, and so on. In the case of invasion by foreign enemy, it suggested speaking out on the topic of the justice of our side before fighting back, representing a kind of military thinking that action based on a middle way could lead to no blame, which exerted far-reaching influence for later ages.