基于党争和人性的双重反思--论苏轼的“君子小人观”与易学思想

Double Reflection Based on Factional Strife and Human Innate Nature:On Su Shi's View of Gentleman and Petty Man and His Scholarship on the Changes

在《续欧阳子朋党论》中,苏轼从君子、小人身份定位与人物关系的视角,反思了欧阳修严辨君子小人之别的主流观点,强调君子对小人的包容态度。苏轼这一现实主张,有其相应的易学理论依据,体现在其易学著作《东坡易传》对爻辞的独特诠释中。苏轼的君子小人观既是源于党争给国家及个人带来危害的反思,又与他"性无善恶"的易学思想联成一个统一体,反映了他在易学建构与现实政治实践之间的紧密联系。

In his ＂Continuing Ou-Yang Xiu ＇ s Argument On Cliques＂ （Xu Ou-Yang zi pengdang lun续欧阳子朋党论）, from perspectives of identity positioning of gentleman and petty man as well as interpersonal relationship, Su Shi （1037-1101） rethought Ou-Yang Xiu＇s （1007-1072） mainstream views on the distinction of gentleman and petty man and laid emphasis on a gentleman＇s tolerant attitude toward petty men. This realistic proposal was developed from his Changes-oriented theory embodied in his peculiar interpretations of the hexagram and line statements in the Dongpo Yi zhuan （Su Shi＇s Commentary on the Changes）. Su Shi＇s view of gentleman and petty men originated from his rethinking of the harms to the state and indi- vidual caused by factional strife. In addition, his view also formed a unity with his Changes-based argument that ＂human innate nature neither has good nor evil＂, which reflected the close relationship between the construction of his Changes scholarship and real political practice.