儒家孝悌责任伦理论辩

On Confucian Filial Piety and Fraternal Duty as Ethic of Responsibility

作为家庭责任伦理的有机组成部分,由儒家所阐发、所倡导的孝悌道德,不仅是一种德性伦理、规范伦理,也是一种责任伦理。历代儒家主要从以下五方面深刻阐述了家庭责任伦理:一是父慈子孝的双向的责任,儒家提出来的父与子的角色责任伦理要求核心是父慈子孝的义务规范;二是游必有方的感情责任,"游必有方"并未否定晚辈行动选择的自由权利,它不过表达了孔子着重强调父母健在时子女必须尽孝道的义务和责任;三是不亏其体的重生责任,我们每个人作为自然存在均有保存生命的义务,"不亏其体,不辱其身"表明我们每个人作为自然存在均有保存生命的义务;四是劳而无怨的代际责任,"劳而不怨"既表达了对父母的关爱、敬重和诚意,又是化解矛盾、避免陷父于不义的合适情感表达;五是兄友弟恭的同辈责任,"友于兄弟"作为体现兄弟双方的对等责任内在地包括"兄友"的责任要求和"弟恭"的义务诫命。

As an integral part of the ethics of familial responsibility, filial piety and fraternal duty explicated and advocated by Confucianism were not only virtue ethics, but also ethics of behavioral norms and ethics of responsibility. Confucianism in the past mainly explicated ethics of familial responsibility from five aspects： 1） bidirectional responsibility between father who ought to be affectionate and son who ought to be filial -the core of the role ethics of responsibility between father and son in Confucianism is the norm of father＇s affection and son＇s filial piety, 2） responsibility of feelings in the requirement that a son ought to let his parents know where he will be when he is away from home this does not mean that son is denied of the right of freedom of action but to stress the son＇s duty and responsibility of filial piety when his parents are alive, 3） no harming of body, to show the responsibility of respect for life everyone of us as a natural existence is obligated to preserve our life, and ＂neither harming of body nor personality insult＂ shows that everyone of us as a natural existence has duty to preserve life, 4） intergeneration responsibility manifested in ＂toiling without repining＂ not only does this express care, reverence, and sin cerity to parents, but also helps resolve contradictions and avoid trapping one＇s father in unrighteousness, 5） responsibility of same generation shown in fraternitythis embodies responsibility parity and intrinsically includes the responsibility of elder brother＇s fraternal love to younger brother and the duty of younger brother＇s respect to elder brother.