以古代中国与日本为中心的中华法系之律家考

Study on Law Group in Chinese Legal System with Ancient China and Japan as the Center

美国著名比较法学家威格摩尔在《世界法系概览》一书中曾说,一个法系的兴衰存亡,就看是否有一个职业的法学家阶层。中华法系虽然没有形成如大陆法系、英美法系的纯粹职业法学家阶层,但形成了一个律家群体,这一群体包括了政治家、行政与司法官吏以及士大夫阶层。由于他们围绕着立法、执法、司法和法律解释所付出的辛勤劳动,才使中华法系不断成长、壮大,并生存、延续了1300多年。从律家的主要学说与理论以及律家的贡献上能够看到,在中华法系的运行框架内,律家在推动律(也包括令、格、式等其他法律形式)和律学的发展方面已经做到了极致。

The famous American jurist of Comparative Law, Wigmore, said in A Panorama of the World Legal System, that the rise and fall of genealogy of law is determined by that whether there is a professional jurist class. Although the Chinese legal system did not form a pure professional jurist class such as the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system, it formed a law group, including politicians, administrative and judicial officials, and scholar-bureaucrats. Because of their hard work on legislation, law enforcement, justice and law interpretation, the Chinese law system could continue to rise, expand, exist, and survive for more than 1300 years. From the main doctrines and theories of the law group and its contributions, it can be seen that in the operating framework of Chinese legal system, the law group has done extremely well in the promotion of the law （including regulations, rules,charters and other legal forms） and law study.