潮汕近代西医的传入和发展

Introduction and development of modern western medicine into Chaoshan （Chaozhou-Shanton）area

汕头1861年正式开埠，英国长老会的吴威廉医生于1863年抵达汕头开始行医传教，并创建了“福音医院”。从此，西医开始进入潮汕地区。此后，美国浸信会、日本博爱会、法国天主教会也陆续进入潮汕地区，并创建了西医院。同时，潮汕本地的社团组织和个人也创建了西医医疗机构。潮汕民众对西医的传入有一定的抵触，但明显小于内地其他地方，既与教会医院在传入过程中采取了手段，以恩惠笼络人心、人性化的医疗服务，以及西医自身的优势有关，也与潮汕地区缺医少药和民众对外来事物的包容有关。教会医院除了提供医疗服务，还兴办医学教育，培养了一批本土医学人才。虽然西医充当了西方宗教进入潮汕的开头先锋，但也带来了先进的医学理念、技术、设备，以及医疗制度，为潮汕地区的西医学的发展奠定了基础。

Shantou was opened officially in 1861. Willian Gauld, a doctor of British Presbyterian arrived in Shantou in 1863 topractisemedicine and missionary work, and set up the Medical Missionary Hos- pital. Since then, western medicine began to enter the Chaoshan area. Hereafter, the American Baptists, the Japanese Hakuai Society and the French Catholic Church also entered successively into the Chaoshan area, and the hospitals of western medicine were founded. At the same time, local organizations and individuals of the Chaoshan area also established western medical institutions. Chaoshan people had certain resist- ance to the transmission of Western medicine, which was obviously less than other places of the mainland. The reasons included not only the church hospital taking some measures to win the people＇s support, providing human health services, as well as the superiority of western medicine itself, but also the shortage of doctors and medicine in the Chaoshan area and thepeople＇s tolerance for foreign things. In addition to the provision of medical services in the hospital, the church hospital also set up medical education and trained a group of local medical talents. Although western medicine served as the pioneer of western religion into the Chaoshan area, it also brought advanced medical ideals, technology, equipment, and medical system, laying down the foundation for the development of western medicine in Chaoshan area.