2006-2015年唐山市新确诊矽肺病病例分析

Analysis of newly diagnosed Dases of Silicosis in Tangshan City from 2006 to 2015

目的了解唐山市新确诊的矽肺病病例的分布特征,为制定全市防制对策提供依据。方法收集2006—2015年唐山市"健康危害因素监测信息系统"中新确诊的矽肺病病例,采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果报告的495例新确诊的矽肺病例中男女之比为40.25:1,平均年龄为(52.3±9.6)岁,平均接尘工龄为(17.3±10.3)a。大型企业病例数最多,占41.6%;中型企业次之,占35.8%;小型企业最少,占22.6%。不同规模企业的矽肺病病例构成存在明显差异(X^2=83.9,P<0.05)。病例主要集中在路北区,占38.4%;迁安市次之,占36.4%。国有企业病例最多,占52.1%;其次为私营企业,占41.4%。矽肺期别构成在不同企业经济类型之间存在明显差异(X^2=119.1,P<0.05)。矽肺病病例主要集中在采矿业,占71.3%;制造业次之,占28.1%。工种分布以破碎工人数最多,占26.1%;凿岩工次之,占17.8%。结论唐山市矽肺病防制重点在私营企业和中小型企业。

Objective To study the characteristics of newly diagnosed silicosis cases in Tangshan City and to provide the basis for its prevention and control measures. Methods The cards reported from ＂Health Hazards Monitoring Information System＂ in Tangshan City during 2006-2015 were collected. The data was analyzed by SPSS17. 0 statistical software. Results In 495 newly diagnosed silicosis cases, the ratio of male to female was 40. 25 ： 1. The average age was（52. 3 ± 9. 6） years old,and the average dust exposure time was（17. 3±10. 3） a. Most cases were found in large enterprises, accounting for 41. 6%; the cases in mediumsized enterprises accounting for 35. 8%, and the cases in small enterprises accounted for 22. 6%. There were significant differences in the composition of silicosis among different enterprises（X^2 =83. 9,P〈0. 05）. The cases were mainly concentrated in Lubei District,accounting for 38. 4%,Qian＇an City was the second,accounting for 36. 4%. The largest number of cases were in state-owned enterprises, accounting for 52. 1%,followed by private enterprises,accounting for 41. 4%. There was a significant difference between different types of enterprise economic types in the period of silicosis（X^2 = 119. 1,P〈0. 05）. Silicosis cases were mainly concentrated in mining industry,accounting for 71. 3%,followed by manufacturing industry, accounting for28. 1%. Most cases were broken workers, accounting for 26. 1%, followed by drilling workers, accounting for 17. 8 %. Conclusions The prevention and control of silicosis in the city is mainly in the private enterprises,and the small and medium-sized enterprises.