急性应激:诱发范式、测量指标及效果分析

Acute stress:Induction,measurement and effect analysis

近年来应激研究正逐步成为多学科共同关注的前沿领域。应激诱发范式多样,诱发效果不一致,研究结论无法比较,是目前实验室应激研究面临的最主要问题。本文从快/慢反应通道激活、唾液皮质醇浓度变化,以及脑区激活等方面比较了不同范式的诱发效果。生理性诱发范式更早引起SNS的兴奋,主要激活脑干区域;心理性诱发范式有效引起HPA轴的兴奋,激活前额叶皮层和边缘系统;复合型诱发范式有效引起双通道激活。从联合快慢反应通道检测指标的思路制定应激研究的评估框架,既有利于实现不同范式之间的横向比较,也能够揭示个体应激反应中两系统协同作用的动态平衡机制。

Stress emerges as a frontier topic in many disciplines. The laboratory based on stress research often employs different induction paradigms with varied efficacy, leading to incomparable results across different labs. The current review summarized common paradigms in stress induction based on the sources of stressors, which results in either fast or slow stress responses, varied cortisol levels in saliva, and different patterns in brain activation. Physiological stressors lead to earlier excitation of SNS system and brain stem; psychological stressors lead to activation of HPA axis, frontal lobe and limbic system; while combined stressors lead to activation of both SNS system and HPA axis. Measurement of fast and slow stress-response system together therefore is important in a full understanding of different stress induction paradigms, and reveals the dynamic changes of the two systems in stress research.