日藏稀见八股文集《一隅集》考论

A Research on the Rare Text of Eight-Legged Critical Collection “Yi Yu ji”

清代的八股文论向两个方向发展:一是继续沿着艾南英的尊朱辟王的方向发展,二是对八股文法进行细致、系统的梳理与归纳。尊孔崇经、尊朱辟王,是陆陇其制义批评的基本立场;由"义"取"法",以"法"见"义",是陆陇其制义批评的重要特点。其《一隅集》充分显示,八股文的根基是经学,而不是文章学。同时,他一方面认为机变奇巧的文风与技法是"毒",另一方面则认为机变奇巧可以开启文思。如何合理处理"义"与"法"的关系,是其制义批评的重要内容。其意义不局限于举业。在清初"醇雅"文风的建构上,在"义""法"并重的批评实践上,其《一隅集》可视为桐城派之先声。在中国古代文章学史上,吕留良的重要性已被当今学界高度重视,而陆陇其作为制义评选家的另一类型,应在八股文的批评史上占有一席之地。

The literary theory of the eight-legged essay（ ba-gu-wen） in the Qing Dynasty developed along two paths：one followed Ai Nanying＇s＂appreciating Zhu Xi and dismissing Wang Yangming,＂and the other carried out meticulous and systematic induction of its methodology.Lu Longqi＇s criticism is featured with ＂adoring Confucian and the Classics,＂and ＂getting meaning from method.＂From his work Yi yu ji （collection of a corner）,it fully reveals that the basis of the eight-legged essay is the Classics,rather than methodology.On one hand,he regarded the artful skills and decorating style as ＂poison.＂On the other hand,he admitted they were helpful for opening minds.An important part of his criticism was how to deal with the relation between the meaning and the method,and that was never limited to the official examination.As Lu＇s influence has been widely recognized by contemporary academia,Lu as the representation of the ＂zhiyi＂critical school,should also takes his position in the critical history of eight-legged essay.