商业效率与社会效率:替代还是互补?——基于农村商业银行的面板数据检验

Operational Efficiency and Social Efficiency:Complementary or Competing?Evidence from the Rural Commercial Banks

本文以农村商业银行为例,研究企业的商业效率与社会效率的关系问题,即一个企业在商业目标(如利润)驱使下不断提升和改进商业效率的同时,能否同时促进(或阻碍)社会资源配置效率。农村商业银行作为农村金融的中坚力量,具有实现财务可持续以及服务"三农"的双重目标,鲜有文献研究两种目标是替代还是互补关系。本文使用江苏省农村商业银行的面板数据,将"不良贷款"作为非期望产出,引入非径向、非角度的SBM-Undesirable超效率模型,分别测算了样本的商业效率和社会效率。研究发现,商业效率与社会效率呈现U型关系:在企业或行业发展初期,追求商业效率改进要以牺牲一些社会效率为代价;当商业效率提高至一定水平,即企业或行业发展成熟之后,商业效率与社会效率开始相容一致地同向发展。而贷款市场份额、资产经营规模、营运成本是决定农商行商业效率和社会效率是否同时有效的主要因素。本文对效率的科学测算和实证研究既对农村商业银行的发展、监管等具指导意义,也对新常态下社会主义市场经济产业结构发展与调整的一般性问题产生借鉴意义。

Rural commercial banks,as the backbone of rural finance,are targeted at both achieving financial sustainability and solving ＂the three rural issues.＂ Few literature focus on the problem whether the relationship between two goals is substitutive or complementary.This paper selects 17 rural commercial banks in Jiangsu province as our sample and defines non-performing loan as an undesirable output.We then employ the non-radial,non-oriented SBM-Undesirable super-efficiency model to estimate operational efficiency and social efficiency separately.According to our research,we find that operational efficiency and social efficiency presents a U-shaped relationship that social efficiency falls first and rises later as operational efficiency increases.Loan market shares,operating asset sizes and operating costs are main factors which determine whether operational efficiency and social efficiency are effective simultaneously.For rural commercial banks in the economically developed areas,they need to give full play to the advantages of pure technological efficiency,return to the rural financial market,achieve greater social efficiency and promote effective operation.While for banks in the economically backward areas,they need to consolidate rural financial market,focus on enhancing pure technological efficiency,improve internal management,promote effective operation and further promote effective social sustainability.