北京市公共文化设施服务水平空间格局和特征

Spatial patterns and characteristics for service level of urban public cultural facilities in central Beijing

本文从设施数量、质量、空间分布和满意度4方面,构建设施服务水平综合评价指标体系,借助多指标综合评价法、GIS空间分析和三维模拟技术,探讨北京市中心城区公共文化设施服务水平的空间分布格局和差异特征。由公共文化设施服务水平评价结果得出,不同类型设施服务水平空间差异显著,文化服务中心(文化站)服务水平最高,艺术馆最低。由公共文化服务水平分区可知,54.96%的街道处于低水平。在此基础上总结出其空间特征如下:设施服务水平空间分布不均衡,服务水平整体上呈现明显的"核心—外围"空间结构,沿核心到外围递减,并且核心区较高,西北部和南部地区偏低;服务水平空间分异趋势明显,在东西和南北方向上均呈倒"U"型趋势,并且东西方向相对于南北方向变化较为平缓,由西到东微弱上升;文化设施服务水平空间分布与人口空间分布相关性较弱;文化设施等级与服务水平基本相匹配,高等级设施占比较多的城区设施服务水平也较高。

Public cultural facilities refer to buildings, venues, and equipment organized by the people＇s governments at various levels or by social groups for the public to carry out cultural activities. Quantitative analysis and evaluation of service level of existing public cultural facilities not only can enrich public facility spatial planning theory, but also can provide a reference for the actual planning of cultural facilities and government decision making. From the four aspects of quantity, quality, spatial distribution, and satisfaction of facilities, a comprehensive evaluation index system of cultural facility service level is constructed. Using multiindex comprehensive evaluation method and GIS spatial analysis and 3D simulation techniques, the spatial distribution pattern and characteristics of service level of public cultural facilities in Beijing are discussed.According to the evaluation results of service level of public cultural facilities, there are significant differences in service level between different types of facilities, and the service level of cultural service centers（cultural stations） is the highest, and the art museum is the lowest. According to the evaluation results of service level of public cultural facilities, there are significant differences in service level between different types of facilities, and the service level of cultural service centers（cultural stations） is the highest, and the art museum is the lowest.According to the evaluation results of service level of public cultural facilities, there are significant differences in service level between different types of facilities, and the service level of cultural service centers（cultural stations） is the highest, and the art museum is the lowest. With regard to the level of public cultural services,54.96% neighborhoods are at a low level. Based on these, the spatial characteristics of the level of public cultural services are summarized as follows： First, the spatial distribution of service levels in different districts and neighborhoods is generally uneven. The level of services as a whole shows a clear ＂core-periphery＂ spatial structure, and it is diminishing from the core to the periphery. Moreover, in the core area, the service level is higher; in the northwest and the southern regions the service level is low. Second, Trend analysis indicates that the level of services in the directions of east to west and south to north shows an inverted ＂u＂ shape, and the change from east to west is gentler relative to from south to north, and the service level rises slightly from west to east. Third, the service level of cultural facilities is weakly related to the population distribution. Finally, the level of cultural facilities and the level of services are basically matched. The level of service is higher if there is more proportion of high-level facilities in the urban areas.