2010—2015年湖北省手足口病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Hubei Province from 2010-2015

目的分析湖北省2010—2015年手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)的实验室病例的病原学及流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述流行病学方法对湖北省2010—2015年HFMD监测资料和病原学监测结果进行统计学分析,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)方法对HFMD病例进行肠道病毒71型(human enterovirus 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(coxsackie virus A16,CoxA16)核酸检测。结果湖北省2010—2015年累计报告HFMD 473 593例,年平均发病率为136.3/10万,发病率呈大小年趋势,但总体是增长趋势。发病高峰集中在4—6月,湖北省鄂西北地区发病率最高。男性发病率为高于女性。年龄组发病以散居儿童为主;病原学监测结果 EV71所占比例为75.76%,CoxA16所占比例为10.74%。结论湖北省HFMD流行有明显的人群性、季节性、地区性。引起HFMD流行的主要病原体为EV71和CoxA16。

[Objective]To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of laboratory cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease（HFMD） in Hubei Province from 2010-2015,provide scientific evidence for developing the prevention and control measures.[Methods] The HFMD monitoring data and etiological monitoring results in Hubei Province from 2010-2015 were collected from the Chinese information system for disease control and prevention,and statistically analyzed by the descriptive epidemiologic methods. The real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） was used to detect nucleic acid of enterovirus 71（EV71） and Coxsackie virus A16（CoxA16）.[Results]Totally 473 593 HFMD cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2010-2015,with the annual average incidence rate of 136.3/lakh,and the incidence rates were fluctuated and showed an increasing trend. The peak season appeared April to June,and the incidence rate was the highest in Northwest Hubei Province.The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females,and most of cases were scattered children. Etiological monitoring results revealed that EV71 and CoxA16 accounted for 75.76% and 10.74% respectively.[Conclusion]The epidemic situation of HFMD shows obvious characteristics in population,season and region distribution in Hubei Province. The major pathogens causing HFMD are EV71 and CoxA16.