治理错位与冲突升级:复合治理的困境——“东利事件”的个案研究

Governance Dislocation and Conflict Escalation: The Dilemma of Multiple Governance in Dongli Sectarian Conflict

文章采用案例研究法,以20世纪90年代初发生的"东利事件"为例,透过该教派冲突事件的冲突升级及解决过程,重点探讨了不同治理主体及治理机制参与下的复合型冲突治理如何陷入结构性错位困境这一核心问题。文章通过历时性案例分析发现,东利事件不仅经历了从日常冲突到刑事案件,再到群体性武装械斗甚至地方骚乱的冲突类型转换,还呈现出由个体性非暴力冲突到局部性暴力冲突,再到群体性及全局性暴力冲突的冲突等级变化,实际上也分别适用不同类型的冲突解决框架。然而,与宗教的复合性治域属性相对应,由宗教组织、不同层级政府、社区自治组织等主体所共同参与的复合型冲突治理,却面临双重结构性错位的现实困境——横向和纵向结构性治理错位,进而使得内外、正式与非正式治理机制失效,甚至反向激化事态。

Taking the Dongli Sectarian Conflict Event as an empirical case, this paper systematically analyzes the process of conflict escalation and resolution, and then it discusses the causes of structural governance dislocation in the process of multiple conflict governance. Through a longitudinal comparative analysis, this paper shows that Dongli Sectarian Conflict Event underwent the transformation from individual, local social conflict to group, overall social conflict. Meanwhile, the nature and corresponding resolution framework of this conflict event had also undergone a gradual change. Although the local governments, religious organizations, community organizations and other subjects are involved in the conflict governance, they can not only cooperate with each other, but also face the dilemma of structural governance dislocation. As a result, the structural dislocation of multiple conflict governance leads to the incompatible relation between conflict governance mechanism and conflict nature, conflict resolution framework. Furthermore, the internal and external, informal and formal governance mechanisms are ineffective or even reverse.