美国湿地补偿银行制度研究综述

Review of the Studies on the US Wetland Mitigation Banking System

湿地补偿银行制度是20世纪90年代美国借助市场交易手段进行湿地生态保护,实现湿地"零净损失"管理目标的成功应用。文章在系统梳理美国湿地补偿银行制度产生背景、发展历程、管理框架及基本补偿交易流程的基础上,重点阐释国外学者对湿地补偿银行交易制度中的"湿地信用"、交易补偿率及存在问题的研究进展,旨在为我国建立湿地生态损害补偿的市场化运作研究提供借鉴。

Wetland Mitigation Banking System is a policy that the government uses market transaction instruments to protect wetland ecosystem.Through this policy,the USA successfully reached the goal of no-net-loss of wetland in the 1990 s.This paper offered a review of the emergence,development,framework and compensation transaction process of the wetland mitigation banking in the USA and particularly interpreted the research of＂wetland credits＂and mitigation rate,which could contribute to the establishment of ecological compensation market mechanism in China.