我国海洋渔业互助保险发展研究——以舟山市远洋互保为例

The Development of Marine Fishery Mutual Insurance in China:Taking Zhoushan City as an Example

海洋渔业是世界上多数沿海国家的一项既传统又古老的生产活动,但是由于海洋渔业的特点和风险的特殊性,造成海洋渔业保险工作很难开展。海洋渔业在我国国民经济中一直占据重要地位,海水产品产业占渔业总比重60%,但是因海洋渔业自身特点,海洋渔业保险的风险相较于一般渔业保险风险更大。改革开放至今,我国的海洋渔业商业保险从鼎盛期萎缩到部分商业保险公司已经退出当地渔业保险市场的程度。因此,就海洋渔业互助保险发展的实际情况来看,国家政策和政府补给应该是其中坚力量,构建符合我国国情的海洋渔业互助保险制度是有效化解现存矛盾的重要手段。文章通过结合具有代表性的我国舟山市远洋渔业互助保险实施中遇到的渔民群体对部分险种的有效了解不足、海洋渔业互助保险业务因保费补贴缺位的原因导致发展规模受限、巨灾风险分散机制缺失,政策扶持力度亟须加强等实际问题,提出我国政府在完善海洋渔业互助保险方面的优化建议即加强专业人才培养、加强我国政策支持的力度和实施政策性再保险。

Marine fishery is a traditional and old production activity in most coastal countries in the world.However,it is difficult to carry out the work of marine fishery insurance because of its special characteristics and risks.Marine fishery occupies an important position in China＇s national economy,marine products industry accounted for 60% of total fishery.Compared to general fisheries insurance,marine fishery insurance has greater risk,with its own characteristics.Since the reform and opening up to the outside world,China＇s marine fishery commercial insurance has shrunk from its peak to the extent that some of the commercial insurance company withdrawing from the local fishery insurance market.Thus the actual situation and development of marine fishery insurance,national policy and the government should become the main power supply.Therefore,the construction of marine fishery mutual insurance system in line with China＇s national con-ditions is an important means to effectively resolve the existing contradictions.In this paper,through the analysis on the problems frequently encountered in the implementation of marine fishery mutual insurance in Zhoushan City,such as fishermen groups＇incomplete understanding of some types of insurances,limited developing scale of marine fishery mutual insurance due to the absence of premium subsidies,missing catastrophe risk diversification mechanism and insufficient policy support,some recommendations on improving the marine fishery mutual insurance optimization：strengthening professional personnel training,strengthening the policy support and implementing the policy-based agricultural reinsurance were put forward.