构建标本兼治的降制度成本综合政策体系——基于中部地区企业成本调研的思考

The Construction of a Comprehensive Policy System for Institutional Cost Reduction by Treating Both Root Causes and Symptoms——Several Primary Considerations Inspired by the Enterprise Cost Investigation of Chinese Midland

降低制度性交易成本是供给侧结构性改革的核心内容,是降低企业总体成本的重要环节,是促进政府职能转变的有力推手,是经济动力顺利转换的关键要素。对制度性交易成本的制度属性、过程属性和成本属性三维结构的分析表明,受制度设计不够科学、制度执行不够到位、制度优化不够及时等因素决定,当前制度性交易成本面临的突出问题表现在制度性因素已成为企业降成本的严重制约、非直接成本未能有效下降、不同经济主体间制度性交易成本差别较大、改革过程中形成新的制度性交易成本等几个方面。为了更为有效地降低制度性交易成本,在继续加大现有降低制度性交易成本政策力度的同时,亟待构建标本兼治的降制度成本综合政策体系。治标之策重在降低现有制度成本,包括加大减负力度、支持企业融资、确保制度公平等;治本之策重在完善制度运行机制,包括重视制度设计、加大宣传力度、提高运行效率等。

Institutional transaction cost reduction is the core of the structural reform of the supply side, the important link of reducing the overall cost of enterprise, a powerful incentive to promote the transformation of government functions, a key element of the smooth transition of economic power. The analysis of the three-dimensional structure of institutional transaction cost, that is system attribute, process attribute and cost attribute, indicates that, dependent on the system design which is not scientific enough, the system implementation which is not in place, and the system optimization which is not timely enough, the outstanding problems faced by the current institutional transaction costs involve the following elements：Institutional factors have become a serious constraint for enterprises to reduce costs, non-direct costs failed to decline effectively, institutional transaction costs vary widely among different economic entities, new institutional transaction costs are formed in the process of reform. In order to reduce the institutional transaction cost more effectively, with the existing policies of institutional transaction cost reduction strengthened, it is urgent to establish a comprehensive policy system for reducing institutional costs. The temporary solution is to reduce the cost of the existing system, including increasing the burden of lightening, supporting enterprise financing, ensuring system fair; the basic strategy is to improve the operating mechanism of the system, including attaching more importance on system design, increasing publicity, and improving operational efficiency.