美国新近民用小型无人机管控立法析评

Review of the Recent U. S. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems(sUAS) Rules

美国联邦航空局于2016年6月颁布的《联邦法规》第14编第107部分是美国民用小型无人机管控立法的最新发展,也是美国首次通过立法将小型无人机系统的飞行作业活动纳入国家空域系统进行管控。通过对立法结构的系统考查、对具体规则的细化分析和对立法特点的研究与归纳,《联邦法规》第14编第107部分围绕遥控驾驶员的认证与管理、小型无人机的适航与检测、飞行作业活动的限制与豁免等方面,为小型无人机在美国本土的飞行作业活动设定了相对严苛而审慎的管控制度,体现了将航空安全与公共安全置于首位的立法理念,同时亦适度兼顾了产业利益与消费者需求。

In July 2016,the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration（ FAA） issued its final small Unmanned Aircraft Systems（ s UAS） rules,adding Part 107 under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations（ CFR）,integrating civil s UAS into the National Airspace System（ NAS）. Part 107,as the latest development of the U. S. civil s UAS legislation,provides detailed rules as to the remote pilot certification,preflight familiarization and inspection,flight restrictions and operating limitations,and waivers etc.,for the operations of civil s UAS within the United States. This paperreviews Part 107 including its structure and provisions,and briefly discusses its features with the conclusion that the FAA adopted a relatively restrictive and stringent approach to regulate civil s UAS operations.