中国积雪时空分布研究进展

Research Progress on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Snow Cover in China

积雪是地球上最为活跃的因子,影响着全球能量及水分平衡,对于气候变化具有重要的指示作用。文章主要从不同来源积雪数据资料的时空分布特征,以及影响积雪分布的因子2个方面对前人研究成果进行综述和总结。我国积雪空间分布差异较大,主要分布在青藏高原、新疆地区以及东北-内蒙古地区,这几个区域较为敏感且对我国的气候变化具有重要影响。从时间尺度上看,虽然不同区域表现出一定的差异,但在总体上我国积雪存在缓慢的增长趋势。降雪量和平均温度被认为是2个显著影响积雪的气象因子,而海拔是影响积雪分布的主要地形因子,不同季节不同地区各因子作用的程度存在差异。

Snow is the most active factor on the earth,which affects the global energy and water balance,and plays an important indication role on climate change. In this paper,the achievements studied by the predecessors have been summarized on temporal and spatial distribution feature of snow cover and the factors influencing the snow cover distribution. There are significant differences on spatial distribution of snow cover in our country,mainly in Tibetan Plateau,Xinjiang and Northeast-Inner Mongolia. These districts are sensitively and play an important role on influencing the climatic change in China. On time scale,although there are certain differences in different districts,snow cover in our country has increased slowly. Snowfall and average temperature are regarded as the climatic factors for influencing snow cover observably,altitude is a key terrain factor for influencing the snow cover distribution. There are differences on the influencing degree of each factor in different districts in different seasons.