武夷山不同茶园茶树茶青品质的差异

Difference of fresh tea leaf quality from different tea plantations in Wuyishan

以武夷山3个不同地域茶园土壤及6个茶树品种为研究对象,测定土壤理化性质及茶青品质,研究不同茶园茶青品质的差异及与种植土壤的相关性.结果表明,虽然3个茶园土壤理化性质的差异明显,但其土壤肥力指数大部分达到一级标准,可满足茶树生长的需要.在茶多酚含量上,肉桂、水仙、铁罗汉、玉观音以九龙窠茶园的含量最高,半天妖、瓜子金以旗山茶园最高;在氨基酸含量上,肉桂、水仙、铁罗汉、玉观音以龟岩茶园的含量最高,半天妖、瓜子金以九龙窠茶园最高;在咖啡碱含量上,肉桂、水仙以旗山茶园的含量最高,铁罗汉以龟岩茶园最高,半天妖、瓜子金、玉观音以九龙窠茶园最高.不同茶园之间的茶青品质存在显著差异,可通过主成分分析区分来自于旗山、龟岩、九龙窠茶园的茶青.相关性分析结果表明,茶青品质与土壤理化性质之间存在一定的相关性,但不同茶园的相关性指标不一致.综上,种植土壤的理化性质显著影响茶树的茶青品质,对不同茶树品种的影响程度差异较大,因此根据茶树品种特性选择不同的种植土壤是必要的.

In order to explore the difference among quality of fresh tea leaves from different tea plantations in Wuyishan and its rela-tionship with culture soils, physicochemical property of soils from 3 tea plantations and 6 tea cultivars were analyzed, together with quality of fresh tea leaves. The results showed that most of soil fertility indexes met gradeⅠlevel for tea-production, although most of them varied among 3 plantations. Polyphenols contents of Rougui, Shuixian, Tieluohan and Yuguanyin were the highest in Jiu-longke plantation, and they were Bantianyao and Guazijin in Qishang plantation. Amino acid contents of Rougui, Shuixian, Tieluo-han and Yuguanyin were the highest in Guiyan plantation, and they were Bantianyao and Guazijin in Jiulongke plantation. And caf-fein contents of Rougui and Shuixian were highest in Qishang plantation, while it was Tieluohan in Guiyan plantation, and they peaked in Bantianyao, Guazijin and Yuguanyin in Jiulongke plantation. Quality index of fresh tea leaf varied significantly among 3 plantations based on principle component analysis. Correlation analysis revealled that quality of fresh tea leaf was closely related to soil physicochemical index, though levels of correlation were different. Therefore, soil physicochemical index can be an indicator of fresh tea leaf quality, which should be carefully checked to ensure tea leaf quality.