近代日本地方自治视角下的共同体与共同体论

Community and Community Theory Under the Perspective of Modern Japanese Local Autonomy

近代以来的日本,当"共同体"一词越来越广泛地被应用时,作为对其进行理解的出发基点,当和地方自治领域的村落共同体有着密不可分的关系。因为幕末具有封建性质的共同体或曰村落共同体,不仅没有随着近代化的步伐而消失,反而对近代民众生活产生重要影响,乃至对近代日本历史的发展都起到了独特的作用。并以此为客观载体,形成了战前及战后初期形形色色的共同体的相关理论及其批判。因此,从地方自治的视角来理清近代日本的共同体与共同体论,是我们深入理解日本一切冠以"共同体"之名的概念的基本前提。

In modern times when the word ＂community＂was more and more widely used,as the starting point of its understanding,it should be closely linked to the village community in the field of local autonomy.This is due to the fact that the communities or so-called village communities with feudal nature at the end of shogunate not only did not disappear with the pace of modernization,but also played an important role in peoples life and even made a unique influence on the development of modern Japanese history.Based on this,it further formed various theories and criticism about community before and shortly after the Second World War.Therefore,sorting Japanese community and community theory from the perspective of local autonomy is the prerequisite of deeply understanding concepts related to community.