论中国案例指导制度向司法判例制度转型的必要性与正当性

On the Necessity and Legitimacy of Transforming Chinese Case Guiding System into Judicial Precedent System

中国的案例指导制度自2010年正式建立以来,在解释法律、统一法律适用标准、规范司法行为等诸多方面都发挥了积极作用。然而,随着司法改革向纵深推进,我国现有案例指导制度所面临的问题表明其已经与实践需要不相适应,应当向司法判例制度转型。司法判例制度是与判例形成、使用和发展相关的一系列正式或非正式规则的总和,其基本价值在于实现"类似案件类似审判"、实现司法公正。司法判例制度有解释法律、补充立法和规范法官行为三大功能;具有统合案例资源、强化证成判决、实现公众法律教育、减少诉讼、促进经济社会稳定与发展和为司法改革提供平台及抓手六大作用。所以,实现当代中国由案例指导制度向判例制度转型具有必要性和正当性。

Since it was formally established in 2010, Chinese case guiding system has played an active role in interpretation of law, unifying the standards of application of law, restricting judicial acts and so on. However, with the judicial reform pushed in depth, the problems of the case guiding system have shown that it has not been meeI with the practical needs, and should be transformed to judicial precedent system. Judicial precedent system is a sum of series of formal and informal rules related to the formation, use and development of judicial precedents, and its fundamental value lies in the realization of ＂ similar cases, similar decisions＂ and judicial justice. The judicial precedent system has three functions which are interpretation of the law, supplementing legislation and regulating the conduct of judges ; and it has six roles of integrating of case resources, strengthening the justification, educating the public, reducing the case load of litigation, promoting the stability and development of the economy and society and providing a platform and leverage for the judicial reform. Therefore, it is necessary and legitimate to transform the case guidance system into a precedent system in contemporary China.