美国问责的探源与解析

The Origins and Analyses of the Accountability in the USA

美国联邦政府层面的问责从兴起到发展,呈现出了别具本土特色的轨迹和特征。美国问责机制的发展并非概念化问责的结果,而是为了应对实践中不断发生的一次又一次的政权合法性危机。新的问责机制总是在克服旧机制在回应民众所需方面不足的基础上自然而然地产生,而旧的问责机制依然存在。传统公共管理框架下典型的单一式等级式问责已经向多元化、多视角的网状问责模式转变,这种交叉重叠的关系对于促成问责体系内不同问责机制之间的监督和制衡无疑具有决定性作用。对于问责概念的把握,应当特别注意问责在美国所具有的民主性、控权性,以及问责所承载的人民期待之特性。

The establishment and development of the accountability in the USA has great American characteristics. The practice of accountability is not the result of conceptualization, and accurately, accountability endures advance with the times in order to solve legitimate crisis at regular intervals The new accountability mechanisms are always on the basis of overcoming the shortcomings of the old mecha- nisms in response to the needs of the people, and the old accountability mechanisms still exist. A typical traditional hierarchical framework of public management accountability has diversified to multi - Network accountability mode, the overlapping relationship plays a decisive role in forming checks and balances in different accountability mechanisms. To grasp the concept of accountability, we should pay more attention to the democracy, the power control, and the characteristics of the people＇ s expectations.