居民经手口途径摄入含PAHs颗粒物的致癌风险评价

Cancer Risk of Human Intake of PAH-Contaminated Particles Based on Hand-to-Mouth Activities

为评价居民经手口途径暴露于被PAHs污染室外土壤和室内灰尘颗粒的致癌风险以及与之相关各个参数的重要程度,本文构建了经手口途径暴露于这两种颗粒物的概率风险模型,运用蒙特卡罗模拟方法评价了居民的致癌风险,探究了主要的风险来源及关键的暴露参数.结果表明,幼儿、儿童和青少年所承受的风险较大;婴儿、成年人和老年人较小.婴儿致癌风险超过10^(-6)的概率为2%左右;幼儿和青少年超过10^(-6)的概率在5%左右,但不超过10^(-4);儿童超过10^(-6)的概率在15%左右,有0.1%左右的概率超过10^(-4);成年人和老年人超过10^(-6)的概率分别在1%和0.1%左右.室内灰尘颗粒是主要的风险来源,占91%左右;室内硬表面灰尘是室内致癌风险的主要来源,占65%左右.与致癌风险相关性最大的因素为:手口途径发生的频次(FQ)、灰尘颗粒中PAHs的等效斜率(PEFj)、灰尘在室内硬表面的含量(DSLHS)、颗粒物从手掌皮肤表面到口腔的转移率(SE)和灰尘在室内软表面的含量(DSLSS).

The health risk of residents exposed to PAH-contaminated outdoor soil and indoor dust particles via hand-to-mouth transfer was estimated by developing probabilistic risk models. The cancer risk was assessed by applying the Monte Carlo method. The results showed that toddlers,children,and teens were at greatest risk of exposure,followed by infants,adults,and seniors. The probability of exceeding the acceptable level 10^-6was 2% for infants,5% for toddlers and teens（ none of the values were larger than the upper limit 10^-4）,15% for children（ 0. 1% of the values were larger than 10^-4）; and 1% and 0. 1% for adults and seniors,respectively.Indoor dust posed a more serious threat than outdoor soil,which accounted for 91% of the total risk; indoor hard surfaces were the main sources of indoor dust with a contribution of 65%. The most influential variables were the frequency of hand-to-mouth events（ FQ）,benzo[a]pyrene from indoor dust（ PEFj）,dust surface load on horizontal soft surfaces（ DSLSS） and hard surfaces（ DSLHS）,and saliva extraction factor（ SE）.