重庆市养老机构老年人老年痴呆患病率及其影响因素研究

Prevalence and influencing factors of dementia in elderly people in the pension agencies in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市养老机构老年人老年痴呆的患病率及影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,以重庆市10所养老机构60岁以上的老年人为调查对象,通过面对面的调查方式,应用简易智力状态量表(MMSE)和工具性日常生活活动能力量表(IADL)评价老年人的认知状况,应用自制的老年人一般情况调查表和老年人抑郁量表(GDS)收集老年人老年痴呆的影响因素。结果符合条件的415名老年人中,119名被诊断为老年痴呆,患病率为28.67%,不同年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、居住状况,是否吸烟、饮酒、锻炼,不同家务劳动、参加户外活动频率,是否有宗教信仰,是否患有肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中和抑郁老年人的老年痴呆患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同职业、经济状况,是否食用河鲜、海鲜、鱼油类保健品、肝脏或肥肉、禽蛋,不同亲友邻居交往频率、打麻将或棋牌频率、看电视频率、参加社会活动频率老年人的老年痴呆患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大于或等于70岁、女性、吸烟、超重或肥胖、患有高血压是重庆市养老机构老年人老年痴呆的危险因素;在婚、非独居、每天参加户外活动为重庆市养老机构老年人老年痴呆的保护因素。结论重庆市10所养老机构老年人老年痴呆的患病率较高,应重视老年痴呆的预防和控制。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing,and analyse its influencing factors. Methods The elderly people aged 60 and above in ten pension agencies were chosen randomly as subjects based on cluster sampling method. Face to face interviews were adopted in this research. The cognitive status of the elderly people was assessed through mini-mental state examination （MMSE） and instrumental activities of daily living scale （IADL）. The influencing factors of dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies were collected by self-made general status scale for elderly people and the geriatric depression scale （GDS）. Results A total of 119 elderly people were diagnosed with dementia in 415 eligible elderly people, and the prevalence rate was 28.67%. The prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people was significantly different by age, gender, marital status, educational level, habitation, whether or not smoking, drinking and exercise, frequencies of housework and outdoor activities, whether or not having religious beliefs, and whether or not suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes, coronary heart disease,stroke and depression （P〈0.05）. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people differed by occupation, financial situation, whether or not eating fresh water fishes, seafood, fish oil health products,livers or fat meat, eggs, and frequencies of social interaction with relatives and neighbors, playing Mahjong or chess, watching TV or listening to broadcasts and participating in social activities （P〉0. 05）. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that aged 70 or above, female, smoking,overweight or obesity and hypertension were the risk factors for dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing, while in marriage, not live alone and participating in outdoor activities everyday were the protective factors for dementia in the elderly people in pension agencies in Chongqing. Conclusion The prevalence rate of dementia in the elderly people in 10 pension agencies in Chongqing is relatively high,which indicated that more emphasis should be placed on preventing and eontroling dementia.